How Did Ancient Egyptians Culture On The Rights Of Its People

African American studies has only been in public universities for over 40 years now, but what had happened to allow the discipline of African American studies to form? In this portion of my paper, I will discuss how Ancient Egyptians culture on the rights of its people can be connected to how Blacks fought for their rights, discuss how the Black Power Movement and the Civil Right Movement helped bring equality, discuss how the Black Studies program at San Francisco State University was implemented, and how Black studies called for culturally grounding, academic excellence, and social relevance in its teachings. At the beginning of times, the Ancient Egyptians created a strong civilization that believed their society was socially responsible for its people by the need to bring truth, justice, and rightness to its civilization, to care for the vulnerable, and to work for future generations, Maat. Ancient Egyptians showed Maat by giving rights to all of its citizens including women. Women in Ancient Egypt were able to obtain their own property without the need of a man, and the Ancient Egyptians believed that â€Å"in the legal arena both women and men could act on their own and were responsible for their own actions.† By knowing this, it has shown us that Egypt was a civilization that believed in the rights for all of its people. Not only did the Ancient Egyptians believe in rights, but they founded advanced technologies during the time such as the production of calendars,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact of Ancient Egypt1250 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt is a civilization of wealth and structure that flourished along the Nile River in northeastern Africa from about 3300 B.C to 30 B.C. In over 3,000 years, one of the most sophisticated and creative societies advanced where no other civilization did. 2,000 years later, it would be hard to think about the world without the impact of ancient Egypt, because it seems to have significantly affected every field of our American culture. The Egyptians have heavilyRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Culture1674 Words   |  7 Pagessociety to how the Egyptians lived during that time. His overall trip to Egypt was primarily focused on how the Egyptians lived, the geographical information, religion, animals along with the geographical information the discovery of the Nile. He spent a decent amount of time in Egypt enough to give a very detailed description of Egypt’s Culture. Herodotus also went to a few other places and did the same thing, he really focused in on the Persian Wa rs. Greece defeated the persians, but Egypt did not whichRead MoreAccording to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very1200 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very similar. They had cities, a relatively high standard of living, music, arts , religion, writing, and literature.They both developed at the same time . However, they differed in important and some different ways, especially in terms of culture, politics, religion, art and architecture. Also, they have the geography which is their located differently. Egypt lies on the fertile Nile River valley ,Read MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1382 Words   |  6 Pagesonly educate myself further in the humanities of Ancient Egypt but to also get a better understanding of how the art relates to the people and their lives, I will do so by examining how and when The Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding pyramids were built, then how the culture of the people at the time influenced the making of the pyramid, and finally I will discuss how my research of the pyramid has influenced my understanding of the culture. Text: The Great Pyramid of Giza was built in theRead MoreThe Geography Of Ancient Egypt1510 Words   |  7 Pages Ancient Egypt was one of the most powerful and innovative civilizations. As one of the six civilizations to arise independently, Egypt eventually became one of the most influential nations that lasted over three thousand years, from 3000 B.C to around 30 B.C Egypt boasted of strong leaders, a rich culture, a hierarchical society, and the source of much of it’s wealth, the Nile. The Nile provided the Egyptians with necessities like food, water, transportation, building supplies, and more. Using theRead MoreAncient Mesopotamia And Ancient Civilizations896 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout many cultures in ancient civilizations, humans have held a belief in superior beings to which they called gods. The gods, in the eyes of many of the ancient people, were responsible for many things such as crop growth, storms, fertility, and even creation of life. The Mesopotamians, Egypt ians, and the Hebrews all had gods that they interacted with. Understanding the likenesses and differences in how these people interacted with their gods might give us an insight to how similar or differentRead MoreWays Of Live Forever By Ancient Egypt And Greek Culture1579 Words   |  7 PagesWays to Live Forever Throughout the centuries we see how diverse the human mind can be when it comes to pressing issues and perhaps one of the most prevalent topics we encounter is the question of immortality. Different regions have their own definitions of what constitutes as immortality and many of them are vastly different. Ancient Egypt and Greece had. Egyptian and Greek culture both had vivid interpretations of immortality as seen through their literary writings and their treatment of everydayRead MoreUnderstanding The New Kingdom Of Egypt1723 Words   |  7 PagesKingdom of Egypt Perhaps no other culture has intrigued the human imagination as that of ancient Egypt. From the Ancient Greeks, who treated Egypt with venerable respect, to Alexander the Great, and Napoleon, who felt it was imperative to go there, few other cultures have represented so much of universal value to all humans. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief survey of the ancient New Kingdom of Egypt. An emphasis on scholarly views will focus on culture, agriculture, Nubian Pharaohs, religionRead MoreFrom the Great Wall to the Pyramids1154 Words   |  5 Pagesto the Pyramids The Great Wall of China and the Egyptian Pyramids are both Manmade Wonders of the World and belong to two of the oldest civilizations. Ancient Egypt and ancient China both have history that date back over 4,000 years ago, and though the two civilizations co-existed simultaneously with one another, there were little contact between the two. Yet apart from some underlying differences, there are many similarities between the two cultures as is highlighted when examining the Analects andRead MoreAncient Egypt : A Dominant Empire1407 Words   |  6 Pages1 Running Head: ANCIENT EGYPT Ancient Egypt: A Dominant Empire Zack Horton Lincoln Charter School October 11th, 2015 Mr. Thomas Honors World History Ancient Egypt’s empire was one of the most dominant of the ancient world. Egypt had several periods of great success followed by a change in Egypt’s power. Along with Ancient Egypt’s culture, they also had an amazingly strong religious system and beliefs. The Egyptian Empire was constantly making advancements and mastering different fields

Overview of the Executive Branch of USAs Political System

Background on the system The President of the United States represents the executive branch in its most important functions. In this sense, as stated in the Constitution, the executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four years ¦together with the Vice President (The United States Government Manual , 2008). The Cabinet led by the Vice President is the other part of the executive body. The increased role of the President, even if the Constitution had always envisaged it as strong, became visible during the presidency of F.D. Roosevelt who experienced the Big Crisis and thus the New Deal projects. At that time, there was a need for an increased role of the president, one that was legally supplied by the Constitution. The people directly elect the president and therefore the vice president as well as the Cabinet (Bara and Pennington, 2009). Unlike other countries, the United States holds elections not for the parliament but rather for the president and for the executive branch. In this respect, it is important to note the issue of responsibility, which could be considered at a higher degree than other types of government such as the semi presidential republics. The President, given his direct link to the people, is also directly accountable, at least in the theory of political science through the vote given by the electorate. This has had a major importance in the last decades in terms ofShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesNew York ß Oxford University Press 2006 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerningRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespublishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions DepartmentRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesButterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http:/ /books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Italy Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents Preface Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Learning objectives The nature of marketing The management process Strategic decisions and the nature of strategy The marketing/strategy interface Summary xi xiii 1 3 3 7 11 19 37Read MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pages2008  ©National Knowledge Commission, 2008 This report has been prepared by Amlanjyoti Goswami, Namita Dalmia and Megha Pradhan with support and guidance from Dr. Ashok Kolaskar and Mr. Sunil Bahri. Table of Contents Acknowledgements Executive Summary Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII Annexure I : : : : : : : : Introduction: Why Entrepreneurship What Motivates Entrepreneurship Socio-cultural Factors Access to Early Stage Finance Education, Innovation

Love And Color Essay Example For Students

Love And Color Essay Is love colorblind?Just three decades ago, Thurgood Marshall was only months away from appoint-ment to the Supreme Court when he suffered an indignity that today seems notjust outrageous but almost incomprehensible. He and his wife had found theirdream house in a Virginia suburb of Washington, D.C., but could not lawfullylive together in that state: he was black and she was Asian. Fortunately forthe Marshalls, in January 1967 the Supreme Court struck down theanti-interracial-marriage laws in Virginia and 18 other states. And in 1967these laws were not mere leftover scraps from an extinct era. Two yearsbefore, at the crest of the civil-rights revolution, a Gallup poll foundthat 72 per cent of Southern whites and 42 per cent of Northern whites stillwanted to ban interracial marriage. Lets fast-forward to the present and another black-Asian couple: retiredGreen Beret Lieutenant Colonel Eldrick Woods Sr. and his Thai-born wife,Kultida. They are not hounded by the police just by journalists desperateto write more adulatory articles about how well they raised their son Tiger. The colossal popularity of young Tiger Woods and the homage paid his parentsare remarkable evidence of white Americans change in attitude toward whatthey formerly denounced as miscegenation. In fact, Tigers famously mixedancestry (besides being black and Thai, hes also Chinese, white, andAmerican Indian) is not merely tolerated by golf fans. More than a few seemto envision Tiger as a shining symbol of what America could become in apost-racial age. Interracial marriage is growing steadily. From the 1960 to the 1990 Census,white-Asian married couples increased almost tenfold, while black-whitecouples quadrupled. The reasons are obvious: greater integration and thedecline of white racism. More subtly, interracial marriages are increasinglyrecognized as epitomizing what our society values most in a marriage: thetri- umph of true love over convenience and prudence.Nor is it surprisingthat white-Asian marriages outnumber black-white marriages: the socialdistance between whites and Asians is now far smaller than the distancebetween blacks and whites. Whats fascinating, however, is that in recentyears a startling number of nonwhites especially Asian men and blackwomen have become bitterly opposed to intermarriage. This is a painful topic to explore honestly, so nobody does. Still, itsimportant because interracial marriages are a leading indicator of what lifewill be like in the even more diverse and integrated twenty-first century. Intermarriages show that integration can churn up unexpected racialconflicts by spotlighting enduring differences between the races. For example, probably the most disastrous mistake Marcia Clark made inprosecuting O. J. Simpson was to complacently allow Johnny Cochran to packthe jury with black women. As a feminist, Mrs. Clark smugly assumed that allfemale jurors would identify with Nicole Simpson. She ignored pretrialresearch indicating that black women tended to see poor Nicole as The Enemy,one of those beautiful blondes who steal successful black men from theirblack first wives, and deserve whatever they get. The heart of the problem for Asian men and black women is that intermarriagedoes not treat every sex/race combination equally: on average, it hasoffered black men and Asian women new opportunities for finding mates amongwhites, while exposing Asian men and black women to new competition fromwhites. In the 1990 Census, 72 per cent of black-white couples consisted ofa black hus- band and a white wife. In contrast, white-Asian pairs showedthe reverse: 72 per cent consisted of a white husband and an Asian wife. Sexual relations outside of marriage are less fettered by issues of familyapproval and long-term practicality, and they appear to be even more skewed. The 1992 Sex in America study of 3,432 people, as authoritative a work asany in a field where reliable data are scarce, found that ten times moresingle white women than single white men reported that their most recent sexpartner was black. Few whites comprehend the growing impact on minorities of these interracialhusband-wife disparities. One reason is that the effect on whites has beenbalanced. Although white women hunting for husbands, for example, suffermore competition from Asian women, they also enjoy increased access to blackmen. Further, the weight of numbers dilutes the effect on whites. In 1990,1.46 million Asian women were married, compared to only 1.26 million Asianmen. This net drain of 0.20 million white husbands into marriages to Asianwomen is too small to be noticed by the 75 million white women, except inLos Angeles and a few other cities with large Asian populations and highrates of inter- marriage. Yet, this 0.20 million shortage of Asian wivesleaves a high propor- tion of frustrated Asian bachelors in its wake. Black womens resentment of intermarriage is now a staple of daytime talkshows, hit movies like Waiting to Exhale, and magazine articles. Blacknovelist Bebe Moore Campbell described her and her tablemates reactionsupon seeing a black actor enter a restaurant with a blonde: In unison, wemoaned, we groaned, we rolled our eyes heavenward . . . Then we all shookour heads as we lamented for the 10,000th time the perfidy of black men, andcursed trespassing white women who dared to take our men. Like most guys,though, Asian men are reticent about admitting any frustrations in themating game. But anger over intermarriage is visible on Internet on-linediscussion groups for young Asians. The men, featuring aneven-greater-than-normal-for-the-Internet concentration of cranky bachelors,accuse the women of racism for dating white guys. For example, This disparity is a manifestation of a silent conspiracy by the racistwhite society and self-hating Asian to effect thegenocide of Asian Americans. The women retort that the men are racist andsexist for getting sore about it. All they can agree upon is that MediaStereotypes and/or Low Self-Esteem must somehow be at fault. LETS review other facts about intermarriage and how they violateconventional sociological theories. 1. You would normally expect more black women than black men to marry whitesbecause far more black women are in daily contact with whites. First, amongblacks aged 20-39, there are about 10 per cent more women than men alive. Another tenth of the black men in these prime marrying years are literallylocked out of the marriage market by being locked up in jail, and maybetwice that number are on probation or parole. So, there may be nearly 14young black women for every 10 young black men who are alive and unentangledwith the law. Further, black women are far more prevalent than black men inuniversities (by 80 per cent in grad schools), in corporate offices, and inother places where members of the bourgeoisie, black or white, meet theirmates. Despite these opportunities to meet white men, so many middle-class blackwomen have trouble landing satisfactory husbands that they have made Terry(Waiting to Exhale) McMillan, author of novels specifically about and forthem, into a best-selling brand name. Probably the most popular romanceadvice regularly offered to affluent black women of a certain age is to findtrue love in the brawny arms of a younger black man. Both Miss McMillans1996 best-seller How Stella Got Her Groove Back and the most celebrated ofall books by black women, Zora Neale Hurstons 1937 classic Their Eyes WereWatch- ing God, are romance novels about well-to-do older women and somewhatdangerous younger men. Of course, as Miss Hurston herself later learned atage 49, when she (briefly) married a 23-year-old gym coach, that seldomworks out in real life. Dea sea scrolls imperfection EssaySo, did all racist whites a century ago make keeping minorities away fromtheir women their highest priority? No. As noted earlier, the anti-Asianimmigration laws kept Asian women out, forcing many Asian immigrantbachelors to look for white women (with mixed success). While white men werecertainly not crazy about this side effect, it seemed an acceptabletradeoff, since they feared Asian immigrants more as economic than as sexualcompetitors. But why did whites historically dread the masculine charms ofblacks more than those of Asians? Merely asking this question points outthat social conditioning is ultimately a superficial explanation of thedifferences among peoples. Yes, society socializes individuals, but whatsocializes society?There are only three fundamental causes for the myriad ways groups differ. The first is unsatisfying but no doubt important: random flukes of history. The second, the favorite of Thomas Sowell and Jared Diamond, is differencesin geography and climate. The third is human biodiversity. Lets look atthree physical differences between the races. 1) Asian men tend to beshorter than white and black men. Does this matter in the mating game? Oneof Americas leading hands-on researchers into this question, 71,280-pound basketball legend Wilt Chamberlain, reports that in his ampleexperience being tall and strong never hurt. Biological anthropologistsconfirm this, finding that tal- ler tends to be better in the eyes of mostwomen in just about all cultures. Like most traits, height is determined bythe interaction of genetic and social factors (e.g., nutrition). Forexample, the L.A. Dodgers flamethrowing pitcher Hideo Nomo is listed as62, an almost unheard-of height for any Japanese man fifty years ago,owing to the near-starvation diets of the era. While the height gap betweenJapanese and whites narrowed significantly after World War II, this tre ndhas slowed in recent years as well-fed Japanese began bumping up againstgenetic limits. Furthermore, it can be rather cold comfort to a 57 Asianwho is competing for dates with white and black guys averaging 511 tohear, Your sons will grow up on average a couple of inches taller than you,assuming, of course, that you ever meet a girl and have any kids. Incontrast, consider a 51 Asian coed. Although shed be happy with a 57boyfriend if she were in an all-Asian school, at UCLA she finds lots of boystemptingly much taller than that, but few are Asian. 2. This general principle the more racial integration there is, the moreimportant become physical differences among the races can also be seenwith regard to hair length. The ability to grow long hair is a usefulindicator of youth and good health. (Ask anybody on chemotherapy.) Sincewomen do not go bald and can generally grow longer hair than men, mostcultures associate longer hair with femininity. Although blacks hairdoesnt grow as long as whites or Asians hair, thats not a problem forblack women in all-black societies. After integration, though, hair oftenbecomes an intense concern for black women competing with longer-hairedwomen of other races. While intellectuals in black-studies departmentsebony towers denounce Eurocentric standards of beauty, most black womenrespond more pragmatically. They one-up white women by buying straight fromthe source of the longest hair: the Wall Street Journal recently reported onthe booming business in furnishing African-American women with weaves andextensions harvested from the fol- licularly gifted women of China. 3. Muscularity may most sharply differentiate the races in terms of sexualattractiveness. Women like men who are stronger than they; men like womenwho are rounder and softer. The ending of segregation in sports has maderacial differences in muscularity harder to ignore. Although the mens100-meter dash is among the worlds most widely contested events, in thelast four Olympics all 32 finalists have been blacks of West Africandescent. Is muscularity quantifiable? PBS fitness expert Covert Bailey findsthat he needs to recom- mend different goals in terms of percentage ofbody fat to his clients of different races. The standard goal for adultblack men is 12 per cent body fat, versus 18 per cent for Asian men. Thegoals for women are 7 points higher than for men of the same race. Forinterracial couples, their gender gaps in body-fat goals correlateuncannily with their husband-wife proportions in the 1990 Census. The goalfor black men (12 per cent) is 10 points lower than the goal for white women(22 per cent), while the goal for white men (15 per cent) is only 4 pointslower than the goal for black women (19 per cent). This 10:4 ratio is almostidentical to the 72:28 ratio seen in the Census. This corre- lates just aswell for white-Asian couples, too. Apparently, men want women who make themfeel more like men, and vice versa for women. Understanding the impact of genetic racial differences on American life is anecessity for anybody who wants to understand our increasingly complexsociety. For example, the sense of betrayal felt by Asian men certainlymakes sense. After all, they tend to surpass the national average in thoselong-term virtues industry, self-restraint, law-abidingness thatsociety used to train young women to look for in a husband. Yet, now thatdiscrimination has finally declined enough for Asian men to expect to reapthe rewards for ful- filling traditional American standards of manliness,our culture has largely lost interest in indoctrinating young women to prizethose qualities. The frustrations of Asian men are a warning sign. When, in the names offree- dom and feminism, young women listen less to the hard-earned wisdom ofolder women about how to pick Mr. Right, they listen even more to theirhormones. This allows cruder measures of a mans worth like the size ofhis muscles to return to prominence. The result is not a feminist utopia,but a society in which genetically gifted guys can more easily get away withacting like Mr. Wrong. George Orwell noted, To see what is in front of ones nose requires a con-stant struggle. We can no longer afford to have our public policy governedby fashionable philosophies which insists upon ignoring the obvious. Therealities of interracial marriage, like those of professional sports, showthat diversity and integration turn out in practice to be fatal to thereign- ing assumption of racial uniformity. The courageous individuals ininterracial marriages have moved farthest past old hostilities. Yet, theyvediscovered not the featureless landscape of utter equality that waspredicted by progres- sive pundits, but a landscape rich with fascinatingracial patterns. Intellec- tuals should stop dreading the ever-increasingevidence of human biodiversity and start delighting in it. Social Issues

Eveline by James Joyce free essay sample

A review of the short story Eveline by James Joyce depicting the trials and tribulations typical to the lower class in early 19th century Dublin. This paper describes the lead character of the story, Eveline. It illustrates her as a girl who is in search of a better life and wants to escape from the typical problems of the lower class. The theme of the story is based on the hopes and dreams of Eveline and her efforts to improve her lifestyle. In the beginning of the story, the author portrays the scene in a very interesting style She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains, and in her nostrils was the odor of dusty cretonne. By saying that the girl is watching outside the window and that she is tired, gives the impression to the reader that she is not satisfied with her current lifestyle and that she wants to escape from it. We will write a custom essay sample on Eveline by James Joyce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such impressions can also be found in other similar stories written by Joyce. As the scene portrayed by the author is of a dark evening and the surrounding atmosphere is described as dull, it gives the impression of depressing and hostile environment throughout the story.

Innovations in Payment Systems Square

Description of company Square Inc is an innovative company that was launched in December 2009. Its president and the co-founder, Jack Dorsey, is also the co-founder of Twitter, a social network platform. The logic behind Square Inc. is to use paperless money as a mode of payment and transaction where every tweet would be a transaction.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Innovations in Payment Systems: Square specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is on the verge of changing the mode of payment in the U.S to ensure that payment is carried out through the use of smartphones (Romo 2). However, the president of Square Inc. has recently admitted that the company entered in the market prematurely. Square Inc will ensure that payments are transacted everywhere since they are supported by android phones, iPads, and iPhones. According to the company’s president, the goal of Square is to enable customers acc ept payments instantly, everywhere. Nonetheless, the company is wary of the anticipated competition from other emerging players like PayPal, Apple, and Google. The company has also devised a method of using the smartphones as cash registers whereby a squared credit card reader is connected to the Smartphone and transactions carried out easily (MacMillan 44). Lastly, the innovative payment system of Square Inc. does not require fixed costs, hardware costs, and credit check like other credit payment systems. This makes it unique and competitive as people are on the lookout for the best mode of payment that is up to the current recession and changing market trends. Problem definition, Goal, and Constraints The problem is to determine whether Square Inc. is wary of, and ready to accept and face competition from other emerging companies that have adopted new modes of payments in the industry. Square Inc. has to make sure that its new payment transaction system has no loopholes that could be used by other companies as a competitive advantage. However, their goal is to â€Å"enable people to accept payments immediately, everywhere† (Siegler 3).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, this has not been achieved yet since the company is facing hardware shortages, although it has ordered for the parts. Another constraint facing the company is the inability to carry out transactions in the quickest time possible as some incidents of delay have already been reported to the Square management team. This problem could have resulted from its underwriting infrastructure facilities and capabilities (Siegler 4). The company is also faced with the fear of customers caught up in fraud cases in the course of carrying out their payment transactions as this could dent their image. Although Square Inc wishes to execute a modern method of carrying out tra nsactions through mobile phone innovations, the mode of payment faces a major blow if cheques re-emerge as a mode of payment. The company also faces stiff competition from emerging competitors like, PayPal, Google, and Apple who could offer better modes of transactions and services than Square Inc. Lastly, the company is constrained by its inability to handle risks associated with charge backs by determining the transactions limits (Siegler 4. This could lead to incidents of fraud and other malicious issues on the part of the users. Analysis of possible solutions For Square Inc. to remain relevant and competitive in the market, it has to devise solutions that will help the company to address the current problem and constraints facing it. The constraints act as impediments in realizing the company’s goal, which is to enable payments anywhere immediately. The solutions that follow would enable Square Inc. to solve the current problems as well as allowing the company to compete favorably and effectively in the market. Square Inc needs to develop strong encryption software that would address the risks of fraud thus promoting security (Romo, 2011). This would ensure that crime cyberspace is reduced since hackers or fraudsters cannot access credit cards in the process of carrying out transactions.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Innovations in Payment Systems: Square specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also supposed to create awareness to its customers on the need to secure their phones and passwords as fraudsters could take advantage of their carelessness to commit frauds. The company has to address the issue of the hardware shortages by importing or finding a reliable supplier who will address the increased demand by Smartphone users. This would ensure that customers are not swayed away by other payments providers like the NFCs system of Goggle or PayPal. Customers have already filed complaints, and the President of the Square Inc has also acknowledged that there have been delays in carrying out transactions. The company needs to view the causes for delays during transactions immediately before consumers lose their loyalty towards the brand and adopt other modes of payments. Square Inc needs to improve its underwriting infrastructure facilities and capabilities to a competitive edge. This will increase its competence and the speed required in financial transactions. Technology improvement is the core solution to the problems facing Square Inc. Therefore, the company needs to address its problems before entering the market with full force. Lastly, the looming problem facing Square Inc. is the emergence of other rival companies who are bound to introduce competitive rivalry through perfect substitute products. The company can operate at low costs by minimizing the transactional costs. This would create a competitive advantage to the company, thereby increasi ng its profits margins. Through marketing methods and structures, Square Inc. can make the new mode of transactions acceptable by its customers and other people who posses Smartphones or are willing to adopt one. This would ensure that it gains adequate market share, making it competitive. Recommendation that need to be adopted Based on the analysis of the problems, constraints, and the available solutions, it is recommended that Square Inc. adopts all the solutions because they address all the issues currently being experienced. No problem should be taken for granted as a single mistake would affect the customers affecting their loyalty.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other than solving the problems, it is recommended that the company adopts a more efficient and the latest technology accessible to all customers. With competition increasing in the industry, Square Inc could operate under economies of a scale after reducing the transactional costs. This would ensure that the company remains relevant and that it realizes its competitive edge. Square Inc has the capability of turning the whole industry into a technological hub. To retain its capabilities, the company needs to devise a means of improving its software and hardware to meet the changing consumers’ demands and the markets trends caused by technological advancements. In conclusion, although Square Inc seems to be the latest option that will change payment transactions, the company needs to address all its problems in advance. This will ensure that it remains relevant in the market as it competes favorably and effectively. Works Cited MacMillan, Douglas. Turning Smartphones into Cash Registers. Bloomberg Businessweek, February 2011. Web. Romo, Venessa. Square Businesses ‘Square’Away Client Bill Pay. January  2011. Web. Siegler, Michael. â€Å"Square Delays Mass Roll-Out, Admits They Began Before Things Were â€Å"Fully Baked†Ã¢â‚¬ . June 2010. Web. This case study on Innovations in Payment Systems: Square was written and submitted by user Brandon Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Personality and Leadership Essays

Personality and Leadership Essays Personality and Leadership Essay Personality and Leadership Essay A Comparing Traits and Skills Theories Impact on Leadership Robert L. Reese Grand Canyon university October 1st, 2014 Introduction In this review (see table 1) two empirical articles were compared, one that reviewed Trait Theory of leadership, and the other that reviewed Skills Theory of leadership. Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review, authored by Timothy A. Judge, Joyce E. Bono, Reams lies, and Megan W. Gerhardt conducted quantifiable evaluations of the connection between character traits and Leadership. The rationale of this research study was the existence of unreliable and inadequate results from prior examinations that have, until recently, provided a deficient configuration for categorizing and consolidating qualities. The authors were able to build a strong case based for their approach; by using the five-factor model of personality as a unifying structure to predict relationships between character traits and leadership. Additionally, there were relationships containing several standards were used, because of the apprehension with past personality trait research as to whether comprehensive or precise character traits forecast leadership? The article further investigates the comparative projective power of wide-ranging versus precise measures of these five traits (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels the authors Troy V. Uniform, Michael A. Champion, Frederick P. Morrison; endeavors to not classify the features of leaders (that has had a varying history of success), but instead focuses attention directly on the job requirements of the leader, as well as the skills it squires, not focusing on the person. A further consideration of the skills required for leadership across an organizations level is examined by Identifying four distinctive classifications of leadership skill requirements that occur across structural levels. According to this article, the requirements for leadership are described as being stratified on one hand, yet a complex of various classifications. As such, skills needed for leadership can be described using a strapless selling the stratification and multifaceted nature of the skills required for leadership and the correlation within The research questions posed by Judge, et. Al (2002) in the research examination of the five-factor model of personality and how this model relates to leadership : 1 What are the associations between personality traits and leadership? 2. ) What is the overall connection among the Big Five character traits and leadership? (the Big Five character traits are defined in this article as: Neurotics, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) 3. ) What is the relationship that lower level personality constructs have to leadership? (Timothy A. Judge, 2002) In the research inducted Uniform, et. Al. Several questions were posed in the form of hypotheses: (1) Will the Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill categories be empirically distinguishable in relation leadership? (2) How will Leadership skills requirements will vary by skill category such that Cognitive skills will be needed the greatest amount, followed by Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skills, respectively? (3) Will Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill requirements will be positively related to the Jobs level in the organization? How will the skills required in leadership interact within different organizational level? For example: a. Which skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level; strategic, cognitive, interpersonal, and/or business skills; b. Will the business skill requirements needed of leaders be more strongly related to organizational level than cognitive or interpersonal skills; and c. Will the interpersonal skill requirements needed for leaders be more strongly related to organizational level than cognitive skills? (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 ). Sample Populations The two articles reviewed used different methods with different characteristics and or qualities, as well as examining two distinctly different theories related to leadership. Judge, et. Al. (2002) samples consisted of 1023 professional employees within international agencies of the United States government. These people were working within five different career fields and encompassed 1 56 different countries.. The organizational positions examined included people that were involved in supervision of the purchasing of goods and services, managing financial endeavors, and negotiating and monitoring contracts. The personnel were selected from different levels within the organization; Juniors with 1-5 years of experience, mid- level with 6-20 years, and seniors with 21+ years (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). In the research conducted by Uniform, et. Al. (2007) an examination 998 plus past studies was conducted. Searches of articles were conducted and this resulted in 1,447 abstracts, 263 Journal articles and 77 dissertations. Of these articles used sixty studies were examined with 73 independent samples in all, which contained 222 associations that were categorized into one or more of the traits. In addition the article, examined 20 studies relating self-esteem or locus of control, together with two of the 60 five-factor model studies. However when research on leadership (before 1950) failed to report the information necessary to obtain a linkage, these were excluded by the current research. Also, the articles omitted studies that defined leadership related to salary level, career success, or the person most liked by peers exclusively. Studies that were included in the examination, were studies defined as representing leader development or leadership effectiveness based on the authors Within the research study Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review (2002) Judge et. Al the following results were determined. First, Extroversion showed the most closely related correlation to leadership, then Conscientiousness and then Neurotics. Also, Openness to Experience showed a correlation with leadership but was the weakest correlation of the areas researched. This indicated confidence that the relationship of four of the Big Five traits were distinctive when examined across situations. Finally, Agreeableness presented a moderately weak connection with leadership. However, four characteristics displayed reasonably strong associations with leadership?sociability, dominance, achievement and dependability. Two personality traits, Extroversion and Openness, were significantly predictive of leadership across the criteria studied. Results in the Judge et. Al. (2002) study offers strong evidence in favor of the personality trait method and suggests that research on the characteristics of leadership has evolved (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). In the Uniform, et. Al. Search study of the leadership skill requirements across organizational levels, the results supported the four-factor model of dervish skill requirements and the question presents in Hypothesis number one. Cognitive skills were higher than Business skills although they both showed movement in the predicted directions and were not statistically noteworthy. Thus according to this study, hypothesis two was somewhat supported. Hypothesis three, through the research received full support, because leadership skill requirements increased with organizational level on which the leader was. Results indicated that the relationship between the skill requirements of leadership and organizational bevel was stronger for strategic skills than for interpersonal and cognitive skill requirements, and this provides partial support for hypothesis four (a). Hypothesis four (b) was fully supported within the research by the relationship demonstrated between skill level and organizational level being stronger for business skill requirements than for interpersonal and cognitive skill requirements. Finally, hypothesis four (c) was also completely supported, because the difference between the leadership skill requirements-to-organizational level correlation; was significant for interpersonal and cognitive skill requirements. Finally, Uniform, et. Al. Proposed a hypothetically rich leadership skills order, and tested this hierarchy in a sample of over 1000 lower, middle, and upper level leaders, these results provided support for the model and its key hypotheses (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 Conclusion Within their research study Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review (2002) Judge et. L. Searches were conducted for studies on personality traits-to-leadership relationship in two phases; (1) entering the keywords personality and leadership along with each of the Big Five traits in a database, (2) urinals were manually searched that were thought to be particularly relevant, then (3) the database was searched using leadership and 48 other traits such as; self- esteem, locus of control, modesty, and self-control that were known to have been studied as directly related to leadership (Bass, 1990) (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). The article, The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels by Uniform et. Al. (2007), examines previous conceptualizations of leadership skill requirements and suggests that this can be understood in terms of and (4) Strategic skills (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 The research study of Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review (2002) Judge et. Al. Discusses the following limitations. In the review and subsequent research it was found to be important to determine which traits are relevant, as well as why. Within this study these process oriented issues could not be addressed. According to the authors there are many situational reasons that may impact the validity of personality characteristics in actually predicting leadership. A drawback of the meta-analysis within the study was that there may be representative effects on the lower order rats. Specifically, personality traits within a particular Big Five dimension may be differentially connected to leadership across the settings. Judge, et. Al. (2002) point out using the example, that dominance may display greater association with leadership in student settings than in military or government settings (Timothy A. Judge, 2002). In Uniform, et. Al. Research study of the leadership skill necessities across structural levels, limitations were examined by looking toward what would be appropriate for future research. According to the authors future research will have to cake advantage of the conceptual and concrete findings and further experiment with the model in throughout other organizations. Furthermore, future research must refine management development, placement, and selection systems in within different organizations. Finally, other researchers should explore the degree to which these results can be replicated when other information is taken into consideration and determine the impact leadership skill requirements (Troy V. Uniform, 2007 ). References Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Goodwills handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press. Timothy A. Judge, J. E. (2002). Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 765-780. Troy V. Uniform, M. A. (2007 ). The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels. The Leadership Quarterly, 154-166. Appendix Comparison Matrix Article 1 Article 2 Title/Author(s) Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review Authors: Timothy A. Judge, Joyce E. Bono, Reams Lies, and Megan W. Gerhardt The leadership skills strapless: Leadership skill requirements across organizational levels Authors: Troy V. Uniform, Michael A. Champion, Frederick P. Morrison http://library. GU. Deed:2048/login? URL=http://search. Boycotts. Com. Library. GU. Deed: 2048/gin. Asps? Direct=truedb=bthAN=12130448site=eds-livescope=site http:// library. Cue. Deed:2048/login? URL=http://search. Boycotts. Com. Library. GU. Deed:2048/ login. Asps? Direct=truedb=bthAN=24385837site=eds-livescope=site Purpose of the Study What is the authors rationale for selecting this topic? Does he build a strong case? The purpose of this article was to provide a quantitative review of the relationship teen personality and Leadership. The rationale for this study is; the inconsistent and disappointing results from previous reviews are that, until recently, we have lacked a taxonomic structure for classifying and organizing traits. I believe the authors build a strong case based on their approach; they use the five-factor model of personality as an organizing framework to estimate relations between personality and leadership. Furthermore, we estimate relations involving multiple criteria, also because there is much concern in personality research about whether broad or specific personality traits best redirect criteria (Block, 1995; Hough, 1992), they investigate the relative predictive power of broad versus specific measures of The Big Five traits. Focus is shifted from the person holding the Job (I. E. , the leader) to the Job itself. Thus, instead of attempting to identify the characteristics of leaders (which has had a checkered history of success), the focus is squarely on the Job of the leader, and the skills it requires. We seek to further our understanding of leadership skill requirements across organizational levels by identifying four distinct categories of leadership skill acquirement that emerge differentially across organizational levels. Leadership skill requirements are often described as being stratified by organizational level and a complex of multiple categories. As such, leadership skill requirements across organizational levels can be usefully described using a strapless. The term strapless captures the stratified and complex nature of the leadership skill requirements and their relationship with level in the organization. Research Question(s) What question(s) does the author present? They present these as possible questions but not directly as questions: What is the engages between personality and Leadership? What is the overall relationship between the Big Five traits and leadership? Relationship of lower order personality constructs to leadership? Hypotheses: (1) The Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill categories will be empirically distinguishable. (2) Leadership skill requirements will vary by skill category such that Business, and Strategic skills, respectively. (3) Cognitive, Interpersonal, Business, and Strategic skill requirements will be positively related to the Jobs level in the organization. 4) Leadership skill requirements will interact with organizational level such that: a. Strategic skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level than Cognitive, Interpersonal, and Business skill requirements; b. Business skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level than Cognitive or Interpersonal skill requirements; and c. Interpersonal skill requirements will be more strongly related to organizational level than Cognitive skill requirements. Literature Review How is this organized? What are the main themes found in the review? Who are the main authors used? They conducted searches for studies on the personality- leadership relationship in two stages; (1) first entering the keywords personality and leadership and each of the Big Five traits and leadership in the Psychology database, (2) manually searched Journals thought to be particularly relevant, (3) searched the database using leadership and 48 additional traits (e. G. , self-esteem, locus of control, modesty, and self-control) known to have been studied in relationship to leadership (Bass, 1990). Previous conceptualizations of leadership skill requirements (Connelly et al. , 2000; Kananga Miser, 1992; Katz Kahn, 1978; Luau, Newman, Broadening, 1980; Mahoney, Jeered, Carroll, 1965; Integers, 1973; Uniform, Marks, Connelly, Carrot, Ritter-Palmtop, 2000; Carrot, 2001) suggest they can be understood in terms of four general categories: (1) Cognitive skills, (2) Interpersonal skills, (3) Business skills, and (4) Strategic skills. Table 1 summarizes how past research into leadership skill requirements are related to these four categories. Sample Population(s) What group(s) is/are being studied? 998 studies; (2) This search resulted in 1,447 abstracts, (3) the remaining 263 Journal articles and 77 doctoral dissertations, Sixty studies (73 independent samples in all), containing 222 correlations that were classified into one or more of the five-factor traits, met these criteria. Additionally, 20 studies involving self-esteem or locus of control was coded, including two of the 60 five-factor model studies noted above. Early studies on leadership (pre-1950) failed to report the data necessary to obtain a career success, or the person most liked by peers. We also excluded self-reports of leadership. In terms of the criterion, studies were coded as representing leader emergence or leadership effectiveness based on our a priori definitions. The sample consisted of 1023 professional employees working in an international agency of the U. S. Government. These employees were generalists working in five different career specialties in 156 different countries, including the United States. Administrative positions involved overseeing procurement of goods and services, managing financial operations, and negotiating and monitoring contracts with various external groups. The employees were sampled from three levels in the organization that will be offered to as Junior (1-5 years experience), mid-level (6-20 years), and senior (21+ years). Limitations What are the limitations of the study? Why can it only encompass so much? They have a relatively poor idea of not only which traits are relevant, but why. The study could not address these process oriented Issues. There are many situational factors that may moderate the validity of personality in predicting leadership. A limitation of the meta-analysis is that there may be nested representative effects involving the lower order traits. Specifically, traits within a Big Five dimension may be differentially associated with leadership across the study settings. For example, dominance may display greater associations with leadership in student settings than in military or government settings. Future research will take advantage of the conceptual and practical findings and further test the model in other organizations, as well as refine management development, placement, and selection systems in organizations. Future research should explore the extent to which the results replicate when other sources of information are drawn upon to determine the leadership skill Results/ Conclusions What did the author find through the study? Was the original question answered? Correlate of leadership. Conscientiousness and then Neurotics and Openness to Experience displayed the next strongest correlations with leadership. Indicating that we can be confident that the relationship of four of the Big Five traits to leadership is distinguishable from zero across situations. Finally, Agreeableness showed a relatively weak correlation with leadership. Four traits displayed moderately strong correlations with leadership?sociability, dominance, achievement and dependability. Two traits, Extroversion and Openness, were significantly predictive of leadership across the criteria. Results in this study provide strong evidence in favor of the trait approach and suggest that we have come a long way since J. A. Murphy (1941) remarked, Leadership does not reside in the person (p. 674), and Jenkins (1947) concluded, No single trait or group of characteristics has been isolated which sets off the leader from members of his group (up. 74-75). This provides support for the four-factor model of leadership skill requirements and Hypothesis 1 . Cognitive was higher than Business. Other mean differences, although in the predicted direction, were not statistically significant. Thus, Hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Hypothesis 3 received full support. This relationship is illustrated in Fig. 2, which shows that leadership skill requirements increase with organizational level? Results indicate that the relationship between leadership skill requirements and organizational level is stronger for Strategic skill requirements than for Interpersonal and Cognitive skill requirements, providing partial support for Hypothesis AAA. Hypothesis b was fully supported in that the relationship between skill level and organizational level was stronger for Business skill requirements than for Interpersonal and Cognitive skill requirements. Finally, Hypothesis c was also fully supported, as the difference between the leadership skill-organizational level correlation for Interpersonal and Cognitive skill requirements was significant. The paper has proposed a theoretically rich leadership skills hierarchy, and tested that hierarchy in a sample of over 1000 lower, mid, and upper level leaders. Results provide support for the model and its key hypotheses.

Organizational Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Analysis - Research Paper Example Globally, the entity is rated at the 23rd largest firm-entity in terms of composite scale measurements of assets, market value, revenues and profits. Importantly, the entity is rated as the 20th-largest mobile telecom operator globally, providing key telecommunication services to an estimated 120 million plus mobile subscribers. Throughout its years, from the initial government-authorized monopoly of phone services (the Bell System) when the entity was the largest phone company globally, to the 1982 breakup of the monopoly by U.S. regulators, it has been a force to reckon with. As Smith (2013) presents, through subsequently created subsidiaries, the entity was able to be re-founded, after the 2005 SBC acquisition of the former parent company. Further expansion has been witnessed since 2013, when the entity planned entry into Latin America through partnership with America Movil. Additionally, through agreed purchase of DirecTV in 2014, the entity further aims at widening its consumer base to include the fast-growing Latin American market arena. Further acquisition of Mexico’s Iusacell and NII Holdings is expected to solidify its presence in the wider North American frontier. Globally, the entity also offers a variety of services in different locations spread around the Asia Pacific (Smith, 2013). Human resource management (HRM/HR) pertains to the functional role-play present within organizational entities, designed specifically towards maximizing existing employee performance. As Collings and Wood (2009) portray, this is mainly in terms of service of the employer’s core strategic objectives. Accordingly, HR primarily is concerned with the manner in which individuals are managed within various organizations, focusing keenly on present systems and policies. Such responsibility falls upon existing HR departments and associate units within organizations. These are mainly tasked with a variety of core activities such as employee hiring/ recruitment, their